Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. It refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These activities increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and dramatic changes in the Earth’s climate system.

One of the key effects of climate change is the increase in global temperatures. According to scientific studies, the Earth's average surface temperature has risen by about 1.1 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century. This may not sound like much, but even small temperature increases can have major impacts. Ice caps are melting, sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and floods are becoming more frequent and intense.